Returning to a safe, stable climate will require advancing our scientific understanding, as well as developing new solutions, responses, and resiliency approaches. We are exploring the potential climate and resiliency impact of emerging areas, and how progress in each area might be accelerated, before investing in full program creation.
Synthetic nitrogen fertilizers have transformed agriculture—boosting food production and nutrition—and remain essential to feeding the world. Yet the current system is highly inefficient: only ~15% of nitrogen used in agriculture ends up in food, with the majority lost as pollution that harms our air, water, climate, and ozone layer. Agricultural fertilizers and manure emit nitrous oxide, a long-lived super pollutant about 300 times more potent than carbon dioxide at warming the planet, and the leading ozone-depleting substance still released today. Ambitious nitrous oxide mitigation could avoid the equivalent of up to 235 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions by 2100.
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