Spark Climate Solutions, a science-driven nonprofit, requests research proposals to advance scientific understanding of existing methane sinks and potential atmospheric methane removal approaches.
Funding program overview
In this call for proposals, Spark seeks to support transformative research to advance understanding of existing methane sinks and conduct early assessments of potential atmospheric methane removal approaches.
Methane is a short-lived, powerful greenhouse gas characterized by diverse anthropogenic sources, strong radiative forcing, increasing atmospheric concentration, and a risk of growing emissions from natural sources. Despite methane causing one third of anthropogenic global warming, methane mitigation efforts currently receive less than 4% of international climate philanthropy.
We must do everything we can to reduce anthropogenic methane emissions and atmospheric methane levels. Fully addressing rising atmospheric methane will require three key activities:
Outside of this funding opportunity, efforts by Spark and other leaders in the field are focused on methane emissions reductions. However, research towards understanding potential atmospheric methane removal approaches is particularly nascent and will take years. None of these approaches are currently ready for deployment. Additional support now will be transformative to scientific understanding of future methane sinks and potential atmospheric methane removal approaches, and timelines on which approaches could become available. Read more.
Proposals must be relevant to one or more of the funding tracks below and be applicable at atmospheric methane concentration (2 ppm). Proposals must demonstrate awareness of current literature and the state of the field, and result in research findings for peer-reviewed, open access publication.
How can we improve understanding of processes controlling methane sinks, and the impact on atmospheric methane concentrations now and in the future, in a way that supports exploration of potential approaches to increase oxidation of atmospheric concentration methane?
Improved understanding of natural atmosphere- and biosphere-based methane sinks is needed in order to advance understanding of potential approaches to increase oxidation of atmospheric methane. Examples of in-scope research may include (but are not limited to):
How can we build better sensors and tools to accelerate research towards advancing understanding of oxidation of atmospheric concentration methane?
Advancing understanding of atmospheric methane benefits from economical, robust sensors that can reliably measure 2 ppm methane and tools that can help characterize methane sinks. Proposals aimed at developing better sensors, sensor platforms, laboratory equipment, software, or other tools which improve the ability to study the oxidation of atmospheric concentration methane, both in the atmosphere and the biosphere, will be considered. Examples of in-scope research may include (but are not limited to):
Are there potentially viable atmospheric methane removal approaches, for example employing methanotrophy enhancement, atmospheric oxidation enhancement, or catalytic reactors and surfaces, that could be safe, cost-effective, scalable, and net climate-beneficial?
Potential atmospheric methane removal approaches have been suggested, including enhancing oxidizing radicals in the atmosphere or methanotrophy in the biosphere, coating surfaces with photocatalysts, and developing reactors to direct airflow over catalysts, radicals, or methanotrophs. Assessment of approaches within or outside of these categories will be considered, including their impacts on additional climate forcers (e.g. nitrous oxide, aerosols, ozone).
Proposals in this category should consider assessing key metrics such as lifecycle climate impact, scalability, lifecycle cost, and health and environmental impacts (see example Problem Statement). Examples of in-scope research may include (but are not limited to):
For proposals related to iron salt aerosols (ISA), given the state of research, there is additional guidance around priority research into the ISA mechanism and under which—if any—real world conditions it could be climate beneficial.
In order to assess ISA as a potential approach for atmospheric methane removal, there needs to be improved understanding of, (1) the mechanism for methane oxidation, (2) the full net radiative forcing effects, considering contributions from different climate forcers over relevant timescales, and (3) the potential direct and indirect impacts, particularly detrimental unintended consequences, on human and natural systems. A recently written ISA roadmap provides additional details on the state of the field and outstanding research questions; assessment using modeling, laboratory, and field studies of the naturally occurring ISA mechanism will be considered. Examples of in-scope research may include (but are not limited to):
Proposals are out of scope if they focus primarily on operational deployment, or on methane concentrations above 2 ppm, including emissions avoidance, measurement, or modeling. See FAQ for more details.
The merit review criteria will be based on the following factors:
Proposals can include the following allowable expenses:
Other expense categories may be considered but must be approved in advance by Spark.
Prior to submission:
Prior to proposal submission, applicants are strongly encouraged (but not required) to submit an Expression of Interest (deadline May 17, 2024 at 11:59pm PT) using this form, which requires, (1) PI name, (2) proposal title, (3) proposal description (2-3 sentences), and (4) selection of relevant track(s). The information submitted for the Expression of Interest will help Spark identify reviewers for the peer review process; it is not used for screening or eligibility purposes. The proposal can be submitted anytime after completing the Expression of interest. Applicants are encouraged to contact Spark directly with questions regarding the scope and/or eligibility of their proposal.
Proposal submission:
Problem statements for proposals that are awarded will be collected in a public problem statement repository to accelerate problem identification across the field. Problem statements can be kept confidential on request.
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine is developing a research agenda on atmospheric methane removal. Recordings from their 2023 community workshop are available.
The Spark website shares resources on the state of the climate system, proposed approaches for atmospheric methane removal, key considerations for development and evaluation of potential approaches, and relevant publications.
No. In this funding opportunity, Spark will accept proposals with the potential for reducing the concentration of methane in the atmosphere by increasing the oxidation of atmospheric concentration (2 ppm) methane; research into avoiding or oxidizing methane emissions at concentrations >2 ppm (e.g. methane leaks from oil and gas infrastructure) is outside the scope of this funding opportunity, unless the proposal articulates a reasonable future pathway to adapt the technology to methane at atmospheric concentrations.
Studies that explore the mitigation of atmospheric methane emissions in wetlands, rice paddies, or other aqueous environments (i.e., increasing the oxidation of methane within the water column and/or suppressing the production of methane prior to atmospheric release), or the study of methanotrophy mechanisms, are out of scope unless the research is applicable for net uptake of methane at atmospheric concentration (2 ppm). Proposals must clearly articulate their contribution to advancing understanding of the atmospheric methane sink (as opposed to source mitigation). Spark is separately exploring natural systems dynamics, which may lead to future funding opportunities. Please contact Spark with questions related to this topic.
No. This funding opportunity is focused on foundational, exploratory research, not deployment. None of the potential approaches are well understood yet, and consideration of deployment is premature. Open-system approaches (e.g. enhancement of atmospheric radicals) are particularly complex, with many unanswered questions.
Yes. For-profit or non-academic nonprofit organizations may submit proposals; however, research findings from Spark funded work must be published in peer-reviewed, open access journals. Spark will not provide funding to support commercialization. Any grants that are awarded to non-academic organizations will be made as restricted grants or expenditure responsibility grants, and recipients will be held responsible for complying with fund restrictions.
Spark recognizes the complexity of patents and commercialization in the atmospheric oxidation enhancement field; Spark will work with grantees to define grant terms accordingly.
To the greatest extent possible, Spark is committed to information sharing and transparency. Knowledge, datasets, and published research resulting from Spark funding should be promptly and broadly disseminated. Spark recognizes the complexity of patents and commercialization in the atmospheric oxidation enhancement field; Spark will work with grantees to define grant terms accordingly.
Spark is highly supportive of open access science; research findings from Spark funded work, including both positive and negative outcomes, must be published in peer-reviewed, open access journals. If a grantee has a strong preference for manuscript submission to prestigious non-open access journals the Spark team will work with them on a case-by-case basis.
Proposals for this funding opportunity require problem statements and solution statements. Problem statements include descriptions of background information and key challenges. Solution statements describe how the proposed research will address the identified problem. Problem statements from awarded proposals will be collected in a public problem statement repository; problem statements can be kept confidential on request.
Problem statements can also be submitted independent of a proposal. Public problem statements are intended to catalyze innovation by open-sourcing the identification of key challenges which need to be addressed to advance the field. Any problem statement shared in the repository can be copied verbatim, or with edits, as the seed for a new proposal. Applicants are urged to consult the examples in the public problem statement repository before developing their own problem statements.
The PI must submit a mid-term presentation and an end of project report. The mid-term presentation will be due halfway through the period of performance, and the end of the project report will be due at the completion of the project. Projects with durations shorter than 6 months must only submit an end of project report. The reports must include information on accomplishments, project participants (individual and organizational), publications, and other specific products and impacts of the project.
Failure to provide the required reports will delay review and processing of future funding as well as any pending proposals for all identified PIs and co-PIs.
Applicants must apply through Submittable. Emailed proposals will not be accepted.
The Spark Atmospheric Methane Research Fund Oversight Committee evaluates proposals and reviewer responses to provide input and award recommendations to Spark, considering the context of what would be most additive to the field overall. If a conflict of interest arises, the relevant committee member will recuse themselves as needed.
Spark’s current atmospheric methane research funding opportunities can be found here.
Spark is actively working on developing additional funding opportunities related to atmospheric methane research. Sign up for Spark’s Atmospheric Methane Research Community Newsletter to be kept abreast of updates.
Contact Spark with any questions.
The grant program was designed and is being managed by Spark Climate Solutions, in partnership with our advisors. This round of Exploratory Grants is supported by the Grantham Foundation and the Quadrature Climate Foundation. Spark’s work across atmospheric methane and other areas is supported by all of our philanthropic partners.
We’re inspired by previous ‘fast grants’ funding programs, and our friends at Homeworld Collective’s approach to open research problem statements.
Additional funding will extend the number of grants and rounds available through this program and other funding opportunities planned as part of Spark’s Atmospheric Methane Research program. Contact us if you’re interested in getting involved.
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